Archive for April, 2009

H1N1 Flu (Swine Flu) Infections Alert for Institutions of Higher Education

Institutions of higher education can help protect the health of their staff and their students by calling attention to the every day preventive actions that can be taken to prevent the spread of influenza.
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Guidelines for the Submission of Tissue Specimens for the Pathologic Evaluation of Influenza Virus Infections

Viral antigens and nucleic acids may be focal and sparsely distributed in patients with influenza. Larger airways (particularly primary and segmental bronchi) have the highest yield for detection of influenza viruses by IHC staining. In comparison, viral RNA is more commonly detected in lower airways. Collection of the appropriate tissues ensures the best chance of detecting the virus by immunohistochemical stains and PCR tests.
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UPDATED Interim Guidance: Pregnant Women and H1N1 (Swine Influenza): Considerations for Clinicians

Pregnant women with H1N1 influenza would be expected to present with typical acute respiratory illness (e.g., cough, sore throat, rhinorrhea) and fever or feverishness. Many pregnant women will go on to have a typical course of uncomplicated influenza. However, for some pregnant women, illness might progress rapidly, and might be complicated by secondary bacterial infections including pneumonia.
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Updated Travel Health Warning: H1N1 Flu (Swine Flu) and Severe Cases of Respiratory Illness in Mexico — Avoid Nonessential Travel to Mexico

Revised to link to updated antiviral recommendations for travelers.
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MMWR: Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infections in a School — New York City, April 2009

On April 24, 2009, CDC reported eight confirmed cases of swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus (S-OIV) infection in Texas and California. The strain identified in U.S. patients was confirmed by CDC as genetically similar to viruses subsequently isolated from patients in Mexico.
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Interim Guidance for Clinicians & Public Health Professionals

If H1N1 Flu is suspected, clinicians should obtain a respiratory swab for swine influenza testing and place it in a refrigerator (not a freezer). Once collected, the clinician should contact their state or local health department to facilitate transport and timely diagnosis at a state public health lab.
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Interim Guidance on Specimen Collection and Processing for Patients with Suspected Swine Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection

Provides interim guidance on appropriate specimen collection, storage, and processing for patients with suspected swine influenza A (H1N1) virus infection.
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Interim Guidance—HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents: Considerations for Clinicians Regarding Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus

Human infections with a swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus that is transmissible among humans were first identified in April 2009 with cases in the United States and Mexico. The epidemiology and clinical presentations of these infections are currently under investigation. There are insufficient data available at this point to determine who is at higher risk for complications of swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. However, adults and adolescents with HIV infection, especially persons with low CD4 cell counts, are known to be at higher risk for viral and bacterial lower respiratory tract infections and for recurrent pneumonias.
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Interim Guidance on Case Definitions to be Used For Investigations of Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1)Cases

This document provides interim guidance for state and local health departments conducting investigations of human cases of swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus (S-OIV). The following case definitions are for the purpose of investigations of suspected, probable, and confirmed cases of S-OIV infection.
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Daily Update – Human Swine Influenza Investigation (4/30/09)

CDC reports additional confirmed human infections, hospitalizations and the nation's first fatality from this outbreak. Recent illnesses and the reported death suggest that a pattern of more severe illness associated with this virus may be emerging in the U.S.
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